[Category] antibiotics \ β-lactams \ penicillins
[Alias] benzyl penicillin; penicillin; penicillin
[Components] from the culture medium of Penicillium isolated derived, is an organic acid, with alkali metal ions or organic combination of salt. Often sodium, potassium, procaine salt and benzathine salt.
[Character] sodium, potassium are white crystalline powder; odorless or slight specific smell, there is hygroscopic; case of acid or oxidizing agent to fail. Highly soluble in water, ethanol dissolved. Procaine penicillin as a white crystalline powder; case of acid or oxidant to fail, soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in water.
Indications of penicillin sodium, potassium for acute infection caused by susceptible strains, such as bacteremia, sepsis, scarlet fever, erysipelas, pneumonia, empyema, tonsillitis, otitis media, cellulitis, furuncle, carbuncle, acute mastitis , endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis (ECM), hook leptospirosis (early treatment of this disease is better), Fen Sen angina, wound infection, relapsing fever, gas gangrene, anthrax, gonorrhea, actinomycosis, etc. Treatment of tetanus, diphtheria antitoxin should be associated with the corresponding use.
Consumption usage
1 IM: 1 adult of 80 million to 3.2 million units; children on the 1st volume per kg body weight 3 million to 5 million units, divided into 2 to 4 times to give. (2) infusion: for serious illness. Adult 1st volume of 240 million to 20 million units, the amount of children per 1 kg body weight 20 to 40 million units, in four to six times, plus the amount of at least intermittent infusion for rapid infusion. Infusion of penicillin (sodium salt) per milliliter concentration is generally 10,000 to 40,000 units.
3 Inhalation: 20 million to 40 million units / 2 to 4 ml, 1 to 2 times. Potassium is usually used for intramuscular injection of penicillin, as compared with injection of local pain, you can use 0.25% lidocaine injection as solvent (compared with 2% benzyl alcohol injection is superior). Intravenous infusion of potassium can, but must pay attention to the patient's body potassium concentration and infusion of potassium, and pay attention to the infusion rate is not too fast. Procaine penicillin for intramuscular injection, 1 volume of 40 million to 80 million units daily. Benzathine penicillin for intramuscular injection, 1 volume of 60 million units, 10 to 14 1; 1 1.2 million units, 14 to 21 1.
[Notes]
1 allergic reactions: symptoms of varying severity, the most common as urticaria, asthma, rhinitis, vascular and laryngeal edema, fever, severe cases can cause shock. If the disposal is not timely or properly, can lead to death. Attack a short time in only a few minutes after administration, the elderly appear hours or days. Either after the first treatment, but also in the 2nd (more common) or after the drug appears. In addition, occupational exposure, and tears, breast milk, food, etc., all with the goods, there was contact allergic reactions may occur. Thus, in lactating women with caution. When treatment withdrawal in 3 days or more, or produced in different plants or batch number, should be skin test negative before reuse. 2. Procaine penicillin even can cause one kind of specific reaction. On or after injection 1 to 2 minutes, feels there miserable, endangered fear, dizziness, palpitations, hallucinations, visual hallucinations and other symptoms. General non-respiratory and circulatory disorders, high blood pressure can occur in most patients (which can be differentiated with anaphylactic shock). Generally no special treatment, symptoms for 1 to 2 hours return to normal. Use of sedatives (stability) or antihistamines (intramuscular diphenhydramine 20mg) to help recovery. 3 low doses of penicillin does not cause toxicity; high doses, can ˉ neurological symptoms such as hyperreflexia, sensory disorders, hallucinations, convulsions, drowsiness, etc., also can cause short-term mental disorders, drug withdrawal or dose reduction may recovery. For a few patients have defective blood clotting function, high-dose penicillin may disrupt the blood clotting mechanism, and thus bleeding tendency. 4. Not intrathecal administration.
[Specifications] injection penicillin sodium: each (bottle) 0.24g (40 million units), 0.48g (80 million units)
Original
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