Preliminary testing of the drugdaratumumab included 72 multiple myeloma patients who had previously received other types of treatment. Their disease had relapsed and no longer responded to treatment.
The patients received lower or higher doses of the drug for up to two years. Of the 42 patients who received a higher dose, 36 percent had at least partial remission, including two with complete remission, researchers report.
In this group, the disease was held in check for a median of 5.6 months. The researchers also found that two-thirds of patients who benefited from the drug had no advance of their cancer for at least 12 months.
Results of the combined phase 1 and 2 study strongly support testing the drug in a larger group of patients, the researchers said.
The most common side effects reported were fatigue, nasal congestion and fever. Less common but more serious side effects included pneumonia, low platelets, low white blood cell counts, anemia and excess blood sugar.
The study, published online Aug. 26 in the New England Journal of Medicine, was funded by biotechnology company Genmab and drug company Janssen.
The treatment of multiple myeloma has improved significantly in recent years, said senior study author Dr. Paul Richardson, director of clinical research at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute's Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center in Boston. In particular, he singled out the introduction of so-called proteasome inhibitors and other drugs that stimulate the immune system to fight the cancer.
"Unfortunately, while these agents generally work for a considerable period of time, resistance inevitably emerges, and far fewer treatment options are available in this setting," Richardson said in a Dana-Farber news release. "Therefore, there is a great need to develop new treatments for this patient population in particular."
